Cuttack : Liver cancer, often referred to as a “silent killer,” is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. The lack of early symptoms makes it especially dangerous, as patients often don’t seek medical attention until the disease has reached an advanced stage. By then, treatment options are limited, and survival rates drop significantly. Awareness of the disease’s risk factors, available treatments, and preventive strategies is crucial for improving outcomes. Liver cancer tends to develop without obvious symptoms in its early stages, making early detection difficult. The liver has a remarkable ability to function even when it is damaged. This means that, in many cases, symptoms like unexplained weight loss, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, or swelling only appear once the cancer has reached an advanced stage. At that point, the cancer may have already spread, reducing the chances of successful treatment, Said Dr. Sangram Keshari Panda, Surgical Oncology, HCG Panda Cancer Hospital, Cuttack.
Chronic Hepatitis B and C: These viral infections are the leading causes of liver cancer globally. Both hepatitis B and C cause long-term inflammation and scarring of the liver, which can eventually lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. The World Health Organization estimates that millions of people are affected by chronic hepatitis worldwide, contributing significantly to the global burden of liver cancer. Liver cirrhosis, often caused by chronic alcohol abuse or viral infections, is a major risk factor. Cirrhosis involves the scarring of liver tissue, which hinders its ability to function and raises the likelihood of cancer development. People with cirrhosis are 10 to 20 times more likely to develop liver cancer. Linked to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, NAFLD is becoming an increasing concern. Fat accumulation in the liver can lead to inflammation and eventually to cirrhosis, which in turn increases the risk of liver cancer. Chronic heavy drinking leads to liver damage and increases the risk of liver cancer.
Alcohol-related liver disease can progress from fatty liver to cirrhosis and, eventually, to liver cancer. Obesity and Diabetes: Both conditions are associated with a higher risk of developing liver cancer, particularly because they increase the likelihood of NAFLD. Managing weight and blood sugar levels is crucial for reducing liver cancer risk, Said Dr. Panda . Dr. Panda Said, For early-stage liver cancer, surgery may involve removing the cancerous part of the liver (liver resection) or, in more severe cases, liver transplantation. Transplantation is typically recommended when the liver is severely damaged by cirrhosis, and the tumor cannot be safely removed. Ablation is used when surgery is not an option. Procedures like radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or microwave ablation use heat or sound waves to destroy cancer cells. Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE): This minimally invasive procedure delivers chemotherapy directly to the tumor by blocking the blood vessels that feed it. TACE can shrink tumors and help control the disease in certain patients. Drugs like sorafenib and lenvatinib target specific molecules involved in cancer growth. These therapies are often used in patients who are not candidates for surgery or ablation. Immunotherapy helps the body’s immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. Drugs such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab are increasingly used for advanced liver cancer, showing promise in clinical trials. Liver cancer is preventable in many cases. Vaccination against hepatitis B is one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of liver cancer, especially in regions where the virus is prevalent. Early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C can also lower the risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. Lifestyle modifications play a significant role in prevention. Maintaining a healthy weight, managing diabetes, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, and eating a balanced diet can all reduce the risk of liver disease and, by extension, liver cancer. Regular screenings for high-risk individuals, such as those with hepatitis or cirrhosis, can help catch the disease in its early, more treatable stages.
